背景介紹

循環(huán)腫瘤細胞(circulating tumor cell, CTC)是指由原發(fā)灶脫落,侵入血液循環(huán)的腫瘤細胞。CTC能逃避機體免疫,在原發(fā)或遠處臟器駐留,從而形成復發(fā)、轉移病灶。原發(fā)腫瘤生長到一定階段,會侵襲周圍血管,腫瘤細胞會首先通過整聯(lián)蛋白附著在血管基底膜處生長;當腫瘤細胞數(shù)量逐漸增多,其分泌的基質金屬蛋白酶也逐漸增加,通過逐步消化掉IV型膠原蛋白,突破基底膜屏障,進入血液,即被稱為CTC;CTC進入血液后,會隨著血液循環(huán)游走全身,形成復發(fā)轉移,不同腫瘤的遠處轉移與血流分布有很大關系。例如乳腺癌一般會在肺部有繼發(fā)性病灶,而結腸癌則常形成肝轉移。

循環(huán)腫瘤細胞是近30年來研究應用的僅有的幾個新型腫瘤分子標志物之一。通過檢測CTC數(shù)量和蛋白表達可對腫瘤進行確診、判斷預后、監(jiān)控療效。例如,當CTC出現(xiàn)上皮間質轉換(EMT)、過表達上皮細胞粘附分子往往提示腫瘤患者預后不佳;通過對比手術或放化療前后血液中CTC數(shù)量,可以判斷治療是否有效,具有重要的臨床研究及應用價值。


參考文獻:

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